JSON vs TOON vs CSV: Which Format Should You Actually Use?

A straightforward comparison to help you pick the right format for your project

Published: January 2025 • 12 min read

You've probably used JSON andCSV before. Maybe you've heard about TOON and wondered if you should care. The truth is, each format has its place, and picking the right one can save you time, money, and headaches.

In this guide, we'll compare all three formats honestly. No buzzwords, no fluff - just practical advice on when to use what, with real examples and token counts so you can make an informed decision.

TL;DR: Here's the quick version:

  • JSON: Use for web APIs and apps - works everywhere, handles complex data
  • CSV: Use for spreadsheets and simple tables - everyone can open it
  • TOON: Use for AI/LLM stuff - saves 50% on token costs

The Main Differences (In Plain English)

Let's start simple. Here's what each format is actually good at:

J

JSON

The web standard

  • Every programming language supports it
  • Handles complex, nested data easily
  • Great for APIs and config files
  • Gets expensive with AI models (lots of tokens)

BEST FOR:

Web APIs, apps, anything with structure

C

CSV

The spreadsheet favorite

  • Opens in Excel, Google Sheets, everywhere
  • Super simple - just commas and rows
  • Can't handle nested data
  • Perfect for flat tables

BEST FOR:

Sharing data with non-developers, reports, Excel stuff

T

TOON

The AI cost-saver

  • Cuts token costs in half vs JSON
  • Built specifically for AI/LLM work
  • Newer, smaller ecosystem
  • Not for general use (yet)

BEST FOR:

GPT-4, Claude, any LLM stuff where tokens = money

Same Data, Three Different Ways

Let's look at the exact same customer data in all three formats. This is where you really see the differences:

Real Token Count:

JSON = 152 tokens | CSV = 98 tokens | TOON = 76 tokens

Winner: TOON saves you 50% vs JSON, 22% vs CSV

JSON Format

152 tokens
{
  "customers": [
    {
      "id": 1,
      "name": "Sarah Mitchell",
      "email": "[email protected]",
      "plan": "Premium",
      "mrr": 299,
      "active": true
    },
    {
      "id": 2,
      "name": "Michael Chen",
      "email": "[email protected]",
      "plan": "Enterprise",
      "mrr": 999,
      "active": true
    },
    {
      "id": 3,
      "name": "Jennifer Kumar",
      "email": "[email protected]",
      "plan": "Basic",
      "mrr": 99,
      "active": false
    },
    {
      "id": 4,
      "name": "David Park",
      "email": "[email protected]",
      "plan": "Premium",
      "mrr": 299,
      "active": true
    },
    {
      "id": 5,
      "name": "Emma Wilson",
      "email": "[email protected]",
      "plan": "Basic",
      "mrr": 99,
      "active": true
    }
  ]
}

Good: Works everywhere, handles complexity • Bad: Repeats field names every row (see all those "id", "name", etc.?)

CSV Format

98 tokens
id,name,email,plan,mrr,active
1,Sarah Mitchell,[email protected],Premium,299,true
2,Michael Chen,[email protected],Enterprise,999,true
3,Jennifer Kumar,[email protected],Basic,99,false
4,David Park,[email protected],Premium,299,true
5,Emma Wilson,[email protected],Basic,99,true

Good: Simple, compact, opens in Excel • Bad: Can't do nested data, everything's text

TOON Format

76 tokens (Half of JSON!)
customers[5]{id,name,email,plan,mrr,active}:
  1,Sarah Mitchell,[email protected],Premium,299,true
  2,Michael Chen,[email protected],Enterprise,999,true
  3,Jennifer Kumar,[email protected],Basic,99,false
  4,David Park,[email protected],Premium,299,true
  5,Emma Wilson,[email protected],Basic,99,true

Good: Lists field names once, then just data - super efficient • Bad: Newer format, needs a library

Why The Token Count Matters

If you're not working with AI models, token count doesn't matter - pick JSON or CSV based on your needs. But if you're using GPT-4, Claude, or similar, every token costs real money.

Notice how JSON repeats "id", "name", "email", etc. 5 times? That's wasteful when you're paying per token. TOON says those field names once at the top, then just lists values. Same info, way fewer characters.

The Honest Feature Breakdown

Here's everything compared side-by-side. I'm being honest here - no format is perfect for everything:

FeatureJSONCSVTOON
Easy to learn?✓ Very easy✓ Super simpleModerate
Works everywhere?✓ Yes!Spreadsheets onlyNeed library
Handles nested data?✓ Yes!✗ Nope✓ Yes!
Token efficient for AI?✗ ExpensiveOK✓ Best!
File sizeBiggerSmallestSmall
Human readable?✓ Very✓ VeryPretty good
Good for APIs?✓ PerfectNot reallySpecial case (LLMs)

The Token Math (For AI Folks)

If you're working with LLMs, this is the section that'll save you money. Let's look at how token counts scale up:

Dataset SizeJSONCSVTOONBest Pick
5 records152 tokens98 tokens76 tokensTOON
50 records1,520 tokens980 tokens760 tokensTOON
1,000 records30,400 tokens19,600 tokens15,200 tokensTOON

JSON

This is where JSON hurts. All those repeated field names add up fast. With 1,000 records? That's 10,000+ wasted tokens.

CSV

Pretty efficient, but LLMs sometimes struggle with pure CSV context. It's missing structure info.

TOON (Winner)

Declares fields once, then just values. It's like CSV but with structure. Best of both worlds for LLMs.

What This Actually Costs You

Let's translate those token counts into real dollars. Using GPT-4 pricing ($0.01 per 1,000 input tokens), here's what your monthly bill might look like:

Small Side Project

10,000 API calls/month • ~1,000 tokens each

STARTER

JSON

$100/mo

CSV

$65/mo

TOON

$50/mo

You save

$50/mo

Not huge, but hey - free pizza money every month

Growing Startup

100,000 API calls/month • ~2,000 tokens each

POPULAR

JSON

$2,000/mo

CSV

$1,300/mo

TOON

$1,000/mo

You save

$1,000/mo

$12K/year - now we're talking real money

Production Scale

1,000,000 API calls/month • ~3,000 tokens each

ENTERPRISE

JSON

$30,000/mo

CSV

$19,500/mo

TOON

$15,000/mo

You save

$15K/mo

$180K/year saved - that's a developer salary

Bottom Line:

If you're just building a normal app, use JSON - don't overthink it. But if you're doing serious AI work with high volume? TOON can literally save you a developer salary in API costs. Use ourJSON to TOON converter to see your exact savings.

So Which One Should You Actually Use?

Here's my honest advice based on real-world use:

JUse JSON When:

✓ You need to share data with non-technical people

Everyone can open CSV in Excel or Google Sheets. Your boss, your client, your grandma - no special tools needed.

✓ Your data is simple and flat

Customer lists, order histories, simple reports - if it fits in a spreadsheet naturally, CSV is perfect.

✓ You're doing data analysis

Loading into Pandas, R, or any analytics tool? CSV is the universal language of data science.

CUse CSV When:

✓ You need to share data with non-technical people

Everyone can open CSV in Excel or Google Sheets. Your boss, your client, your grandma - no special tools needed.

✓ Your data is simple and flat

Customer lists, order histories, simple reports - if it fits in a spreadsheet naturally, CSV is perfect.

✓ You're doing data analysis

Loading into Pandas, R, or any analytics tool? CSV is the universal language of data science.

TUse TOON When:

✓ You're working with GPT-4, Claude, or other LLMs

If you're paying per token and sending lots of data to AI models, TOON will literally cut your bill in half.

✓ You're hitting context window limits

Need to fit more data in the same token budget? TOON doubles your effective capacity.

✓ You're processing high volume

Sending thousands of requests per day? Those token savings add up fast - we're talking real money here.

My Actual Recommendation

Here's what I'd do if I were you:

Use Multiple Formats (Yes, Really)

1

Build your API in JSON

This is what every client expects. Don't try to be clever here.

2

Convert to TOON before hitting LLMs

When you need to send data to GPT-4 or Claude, convert it first. Use ourJSON to TOON converter - it's literally just one function call.

3

Offer CSV exports for users

People love being able to download their data in CSV. Give them that option.

Real talk: You don't need to pick just one. Good apps use the right format for each job. The conversion between them is lossless - use our tools to switch formats as needed.

Still Confused? Use This Decision Tree

❓ Are you working with AI models (GPT-4, Claude, etc.)?

YES: Go with TOON - you'll save serious money

NO: Keep reading ↓

❓ Do you have nested/complex data?

YES: Use JSON - it's built for this

NO: Keep reading ↓

❓ Do you need to share with non-technical people?

YES: Use CSV - they can open it in Excel

NO: Default to JSON (it works everywhere)

Free Tools to Convert Between Formats

You can switch between these formats anytime. Here are our free converters:

Want to Learn More?

Deep Dives on Each Format

More Comparisons

Official Resources & Documentation

Format Specifications

Developer Resources

AI & LLM Tools

Data Format Guides