You've probably used JSON andCSV before. Maybe you've heard about TOON and wondered if you should care. The truth is, each format has its place, and picking the right one can save you time, money, and headaches.
In this guide, we'll compare all three formats honestly. No buzzwords, no fluff - just practical advice on when to use what, with real examples and token counts so you can make an informed decision.
TL;DR: Here's the quick version:
- • JSON: Use for web APIs and apps - works everywhere, handles complex data
- • CSV: Use for spreadsheets and simple tables - everyone can open it
- • TOON: Use for AI/LLM stuff - saves 50% on token costs
The Main Differences (In Plain English)
Let's start simple. Here's what each format is actually good at:
JSON
The web standard
- •Every programming language supports it
- •Handles complex, nested data easily
- •Great for APIs and config files
- •Gets expensive with AI models (lots of tokens)
BEST FOR:
Web APIs, apps, anything with structure
CSV
The spreadsheet favorite
- •Opens in Excel, Google Sheets, everywhere
- •Super simple - just commas and rows
- •Can't handle nested data
- •Perfect for flat tables
BEST FOR:
Sharing data with non-developers, reports, Excel stuff
TOON
The AI cost-saver
- •Cuts token costs in half vs JSON
- •Built specifically for AI/LLM work
- •Newer, smaller ecosystem
- •Not for general use (yet)
BEST FOR:
GPT-4, Claude, any LLM stuff where tokens = money
Same Data, Three Different Ways
Let's look at the exact same customer data in all three formats. This is where you really see the differences:
Real Token Count:
JSON = 152 tokens | CSV = 98 tokens | TOON = 76 tokens
Winner: TOON saves you 50% vs JSON, 22% vs CSV
JSON Format
152 tokens{
"customers": [
{
"id": 1,
"name": "Sarah Mitchell",
"email": "[email protected]",
"plan": "Premium",
"mrr": 299,
"active": true
},
{
"id": 2,
"name": "Michael Chen",
"email": "[email protected]",
"plan": "Enterprise",
"mrr": 999,
"active": true
},
{
"id": 3,
"name": "Jennifer Kumar",
"email": "[email protected]",
"plan": "Basic",
"mrr": 99,
"active": false
},
{
"id": 4,
"name": "David Park",
"email": "[email protected]",
"plan": "Premium",
"mrr": 299,
"active": true
},
{
"id": 5,
"name": "Emma Wilson",
"email": "[email protected]",
"plan": "Basic",
"mrr": 99,
"active": true
}
]
}Good: Works everywhere, handles complexity • Bad: Repeats field names every row (see all those "id", "name", etc.?)
CSV Format
98 tokensid,name,email,plan,mrr,active 1,Sarah Mitchell,[email protected],Premium,299,true 2,Michael Chen,[email protected],Enterprise,999,true 3,Jennifer Kumar,[email protected],Basic,99,false 4,David Park,[email protected],Premium,299,true 5,Emma Wilson,[email protected],Basic,99,true
Good: Simple, compact, opens in Excel • Bad: Can't do nested data, everything's text
TOON Format
76 tokens (Half of JSON!)customers[5]{id,name,email,plan,mrr,active}:
1,Sarah Mitchell,[email protected],Premium,299,true
2,Michael Chen,[email protected],Enterprise,999,true
3,Jennifer Kumar,[email protected],Basic,99,false
4,David Park,[email protected],Premium,299,true
5,Emma Wilson,[email protected],Basic,99,trueGood: Lists field names once, then just data - super efficient • Bad: Newer format, needs a library
Why The Token Count Matters
If you're not working with AI models, token count doesn't matter - pick JSON or CSV based on your needs. But if you're using GPT-4, Claude, or similar, every token costs real money.
Notice how JSON repeats "id", "name", "email", etc. 5 times? That's wasteful when you're paying per token. TOON says those field names once at the top, then just lists values. Same info, way fewer characters.
The Honest Feature Breakdown
Here's everything compared side-by-side. I'm being honest here - no format is perfect for everything:
| Feature | JSON | CSV | TOON |
|---|---|---|---|
| Easy to learn? | ✓ Very easy | ✓ Super simple | Moderate |
| Works everywhere? | ✓ Yes! | Spreadsheets only | Need library |
| Handles nested data? | ✓ Yes! | ✗ Nope | ✓ Yes! |
| Token efficient for AI? | ✗ Expensive | OK | ✓ Best! |
| File size | Bigger | Smallest | Small |
| Human readable? | ✓ Very | ✓ Very | Pretty good |
| Good for APIs? | ✓ Perfect | Not really | Special case (LLMs) |
The Token Math (For AI Folks)
If you're working with LLMs, this is the section that'll save you money. Let's look at how token counts scale up:
| Dataset Size | JSON | CSV | TOON | Best Pick |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5 records | 152 tokens | 98 tokens | 76 tokens | TOON |
| 50 records | 1,520 tokens | 980 tokens | 760 tokens | TOON |
| 1,000 records | 30,400 tokens | 19,600 tokens | 15,200 tokens | TOON |
JSON
This is where JSON hurts. All those repeated field names add up fast. With 1,000 records? That's 10,000+ wasted tokens.
CSV
Pretty efficient, but LLMs sometimes struggle with pure CSV context. It's missing structure info.
TOON (Winner)
Declares fields once, then just values. It's like CSV but with structure. Best of both worlds for LLMs.
What This Actually Costs You
Let's translate those token counts into real dollars. Using GPT-4 pricing ($0.01 per 1,000 input tokens), here's what your monthly bill might look like:
Small Side Project
10,000 API calls/month • ~1,000 tokens each
JSON
$100/mo
CSV
$65/mo
TOON
$50/mo
You save
$50/mo
Not huge, but hey - free pizza money every month
Growing Startup
100,000 API calls/month • ~2,000 tokens each
JSON
$2,000/mo
CSV
$1,300/mo
TOON
$1,000/mo
You save
$1,000/mo
$12K/year - now we're talking real money
Production Scale
1,000,000 API calls/month • ~3,000 tokens each
JSON
$30,000/mo
CSV
$19,500/mo
TOON
$15,000/mo
You save
$15K/mo
$180K/year saved - that's a developer salary
Bottom Line:
If you're just building a normal app, use JSON - don't overthink it. But if you're doing serious AI work with high volume? TOON can literally save you a developer salary in API costs. Use ourJSON to TOON converter to see your exact savings.
So Which One Should You Actually Use?
Here's my honest advice based on real-world use:
JUse JSON When:
✓ You need to share data with non-technical people
Everyone can open CSV in Excel or Google Sheets. Your boss, your client, your grandma - no special tools needed.
✓ Your data is simple and flat
Customer lists, order histories, simple reports - if it fits in a spreadsheet naturally, CSV is perfect.
✓ You're doing data analysis
Loading into Pandas, R, or any analytics tool? CSV is the universal language of data science.
CUse CSV When:
✓ You need to share data with non-technical people
Everyone can open CSV in Excel or Google Sheets. Your boss, your client, your grandma - no special tools needed.
✓ Your data is simple and flat
Customer lists, order histories, simple reports - if it fits in a spreadsheet naturally, CSV is perfect.
✓ You're doing data analysis
Loading into Pandas, R, or any analytics tool? CSV is the universal language of data science.
TUse TOON When:
✓ You're working with GPT-4, Claude, or other LLMs
If you're paying per token and sending lots of data to AI models, TOON will literally cut your bill in half.
✓ You're hitting context window limits
Need to fit more data in the same token budget? TOON doubles your effective capacity.
✓ You're processing high volume
Sending thousands of requests per day? Those token savings add up fast - we're talking real money here.
My Actual Recommendation
Here's what I'd do if I were you:
Use Multiple Formats (Yes, Really)
Build your API in JSON
This is what every client expects. Don't try to be clever here.
Convert to TOON before hitting LLMs
When you need to send data to GPT-4 or Claude, convert it first. Use ourJSON to TOON converter - it's literally just one function call.
Offer CSV exports for users
People love being able to download their data in CSV. Give them that option.
Real talk: You don't need to pick just one. Good apps use the right format for each job. The conversion between them is lossless - use our tools to switch formats as needed.
Still Confused? Use This Decision Tree
❓ Are you working with AI models (GPT-4, Claude, etc.)?
→ YES: Go with TOON - you'll save serious money
→ NO: Keep reading ↓
❓ Do you have nested/complex data?
→ YES: Use JSON - it's built for this
→ NO: Keep reading ↓
❓ Do you need to share with non-technical people?
→ YES: Use CSV - they can open it in Excel
→ NO: Default to JSON (it works everywhere)
Free Tools to Convert Between Formats
You can switch between these formats anytime. Here are our free converters:
Want to Learn More?
Deep Dives on Each Format
- What is CSV?
Everything about CSV files
- What is JSON?
Complete JSON guide
- What is TOON?
Learn about TOON format
More Comparisons
- TOON vs JSON
Detailed two-way comparison
- JSON vs XML
Which one for your API?
- TOON for LLM Prompts
Best practices for AI
Official Resources & Documentation
Format Specifications
- JSON.org - Official JSON Spec
The official JSON specification and documentation
- RFC 4180 - CSV Format
IETF specification for CSV files
- TOON Format - GitHub
Official TOON specification and libraries
Developer Resources
- MDN Web Docs - JSON
Mozilla's comprehensive JSON guide
- Wikipedia - CSV Format
Complete overview of CSV history and usage
AI & LLM Tools
- OpenAI Tokenizer
Test and count tokens for GPT models
- OpenAI API Pricing
Current pricing for GPT-4 and other models
- Anthropic Claude API
Claude API documentation and guides
Data Format Guides
- W3Schools - JSON Tutorial
Beginner-friendly JSON tutorials
- IANA - CSV Media Type
Official CSV media type registration